Indonesia
Republic of Indonesia
- Region
- Asia · South-Eastern Asia
- Capital
- Jakarta
- Population
- 285,721,236 (2025)
- Government
- presidential republic
- Currency
- Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
- Official languages
- Indonesian
- Spoken languages
- Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese)
- Written scripts
- Latin
- Area
- 1,904,569 km²
- Coastline
- Coastal
- UN member
- Yes
- Affiliations
- APEC, ASEAN, G20, IMF, OECD (enhanced engagement), OIC, WCO, WTO
- Borders
- Timor-Leste , Malaysia , Papua New Guinea
Political stability
55 / 100
Economic stability
70 / 100
Population stability
94 / 100
0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).
Trade profile
- Key exports
- coal, palm oil, iron alloys, lignite, garments (2023)
- Key imports
- refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastics, vehicle parts/accessories, integrated circuits (2023)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
- Critical minerals
- World’s largest nickel producer — central to battery supply chains.
- Primary route
- Intra-Asia network from Tanjung Priok via Singapore
- Secondary route
- Direct transpacific and Asia–Europe calls
The xin.bz view
- Indonesia’s B50 biodiesel mandate, launched July 2026 with roughly 17.6 billion liters allocated, is pulling palm oil into domestic fuel before it reaches export markets; from January 1, 2027, selected exports move through a centralized state-owned channel.
- Drought-driven fires and transboundary haze are an operating event, raising harvesting and logistics costs — El Niño affects both the biology of the palm crop and the ability to harvest it.
xin.bz coverage
El Niño Is Reordering South America's Export Map
El Niño makes South America the world's replacement supplier — record Brazilian crops, Argentine rainfall gains, Peru's fishmeal shock, and the logistics that decide who can move it.
El Niño Is Tightening the World's Food Valves
India's 90.7M t grain buffer, early Philippine rice buying, Indonesia's B50 palm-oil pull, and Nepal's flood — governments now decide how much food this region releases to the world.
Vessel-Days Are Becoming the Scarce Asset in Global Shipping
The merchant fleet is growing while effective capacity tightens — Hormuz detours, Panama slot cuts, war-risk insurance, officer shortages and drydocking are consuming the ship-days that move cargo.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Copper Is the Metal Every Grid, Motor, and Data Center Runs On — and Half the World Refines It in One Country
Copper deep dive — 23 Mt of mine supply against 29 Mt of refining capacity, Chile at 23% of output, China at 48% of smelting, treatment charges at zero, and a record $14,858/t after Grasberg and El Teniente.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
LNG Is the Fuel That Freed Gas From the Pipeline — and Every Cargo Sails Past a Chokepoint Someone Can Close
LNG deep dive — 436.98 Mt of seaborne trade in 2025, the United States at 110.74 Mt, Qatar under force majeure since March 2026, JKM at $27.51/MMBtu, and roughly 80 Mt a year routed through the Strait of Hormuz.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Wheat Is the Grain That Feeds a Fifth of Humanity's Calories — and a Quarter of Its Exports Leave Through One 700-Metre Channel
Wheat deep dive — 822.4 Mt of world production against 211.7 Mt of trade, China at 140.1 Mt, Russia exporting 43.0 Mt through the Turkish Straits, and CBOT nearby wheat at $7.26 a bushel.
Commodity Deep Dive ·
Lithium Is the Battery Metal Mined on Four Continents — and China Holds 70% of the Refining Capacity
Lithium deep dive — 290,000 t of 2025 mine supply after a 31% jump in one year, Australia at 92,000 t, roughly 70% of refining in China, and carbonate at $19,750/t after a 170% rally off the 2025 trough.
Future Insight ·
The AI Factory Becomes an Industrial Commodity Complex — How Data Centers Reshape Cooling, Water, Power, Metals, and Global Trade Through 2050
Future Insights deep dive — how AI data centers reshape global demand for copper, transformers, cooling equipment, waste heat, and grid capacity through 2050, and what it means for global trade.
Trade research
- WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
- World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
- OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
- ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
- CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure
xin.bz can watch Indonesia for you — email alerts when new disruptions hit. Start free
Sources: mledoze/countries (ODbL), CIA World Factbook (public domain), World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), flag-icons (MIT). Stability scores are xin.bz composites of the cited World Bank indicators; routes and commodity notes are xin.bz assessments. Informational only — verify with official sources.