Syria
Syrian Arab Republic
U.S. sanctions — Syria-related measures. Historically comprehensive program substantially eased in 2025; residual designations remain.
As of August 2026 — verify with OFAC and screen counterparties with the xin.bz OFAC search.
- Region
- Asia · Western Asia
- Capital
- Damascus
- Population
- 25,620,427 (2025)
- Government
- transitional presidential republic
- Currency
- Syrian pound (SYP)
- Official languages
- Arabic
- Spoken languages
- Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English
- Written scripts
- Arabic
- Area
- 185,180 km²
- Coastline
- Coastal
- UN member
- Yes
- Affiliations
- IMF, Arab League, OIC, WCO, WTO (observer)
- Borders
- Iraq , Israel , Jordan , Lebanon , Türkiye
Political stability
25 / 100
Economic stability
17 / 100
Population stability
4 / 100
0–100, higher is more stable. Political: World Bank governance score. Economic: government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and inflation proximity to 2% (World Bank). Population: stability of growth and net migration rates (World Bank).
Trade profile
- Key exports
- olive oil, phosphates, spice seeds, cotton, tomatoes (2023)
- Key imports
- tobacco, plastics, wheat flours, plastic products, seed oils (2023)
- Natural resources
- petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
- Primary route
- Gulf and Red Sea hubs (Jebel Ali, Jeddah) on Asia–Europe lanes
- Secondary route
- Suez Canal corridor to the Mediterranean
The xin.bz view
- Syria’s wheat crop (~2.7M t, 50%+ above the five-year average) eases food imports just as the trade story shifts to reconstruction: the World Bank estimates ~$216B in needs, heavy in water infrastructure, with recent U.S. policy changes reopening finance and commerce.
xin.bz coverage
El Niño Is Raising the Middle East's Food and Water Needs — While War Is Rewriting How Supply Gets In and Energy Gets Out
Gulf desalination and grain buying, Egypt's Nile and Suez loops, Hormuz fertilizer constraints, and $280B+ in reconstruction demand — the Middle East sits on both sides of the El Niño shock.
Future Insight ·
Every Ship Is a Network: Maritime Cyber Risk From NotPetya to the 2027 Deadline
Future Insights — the maritime cyber record from GAO, Coast Guard Cyber Command, MARAD and ENISA: NotPetya at $250–300M and attributed to the GRU, GPS spoofing from a 2013 UT Austin experiment to 1,700 events at Hormuz, default credentials on two-thirds of Coast Guard missions, and the plans due July 2027.
Future Insight ·
Position, Weather, Signal: The Satellite Layers Global Logistics Runs On — and the Backup Ordered in 2018
Future Insights — logistics runs on three satellite layers, each with a documented failure: GPS spoofing, the July 2026 GOES-19 outage, and the Viasat and Starlink attacks. Congress ordered a GPS timing backup in 2018. The analog skills retired while the dependency grew.
Trade research
- WTO trade profile — tariffs, trade in goods and services, top partners
- World Bank country data — GDP, trade share of GDP, logistics indicators
- OEC trade profile — export/import composition and partners, visualized
- ITC Trade Map — detailed trade statistics by product (ITC/UN Comtrade)
- CIA World Factbook — geography, economy, transportation infrastructure
xin.bz can watch Syria for you — email alerts when new disruptions hit. Start free
Sources: mledoze/countries (ODbL), CIA World Factbook (public domain), World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0), flag-icons (MIT). Stability scores are xin.bz composites of the cited World Bank indicators; routes and commodity notes are xin.bz assessments. Informational only — verify with official sources.